Acetic acid CAS: 64-19-7
1. High Purity & Stability: Available as "glacial acetic acid" (solidifies at 16.6°C), indicating high concentration and purity, suitable for demanding applications. Stable under recommended storage (<30°C).
2. Excellent Solubility: Miscible with water, ethanol, glycerol, and ether, offering great formulation flexibility in various chemical processes and products.
3. Versatile Weak Organic Acid: Functions as a mild yet effective acid catalyst (pKa 4.74), essential for key reactions like esterification, while being less corrosive than strong mineral acids.
4. Wide Industrial Utility: Fundamental chemical feedstock used in producing vinyl acetate monomer (VAM), acetic anhydride, esters (solvents, flavors), pharmaceuticals, and textiles, underpinned by well-established handling protocols.
Acetic acid, often referred to as ethanoic acid (AcOH), derives its name from being the primary component of vinegar and ranks among the most significant fatty acids. It typically occurs in numerous plants either freely or as ester compounds in nature. Its molecular formula is CH3COOH. The production and utilization of vinegar date back thousands of years, with records of vinegar-making found in ancient China. However, concentrated acetic acid was first successfully isolated by Stahl in 1700.
Pure acetic acid is a colorless liquid with a sharp odor. It has a melting point of 16.6°C, a boiling point of 117.9°C, and a relative density of 1.049 (20/4°C). It dissolves in water, ethanol, glycerol, ether, and carbon tetrachloride but remains insoluble in carbon disulfide. When anhydrous, acetic acid solidifies into ice-like crystals at low temperatures, earning it the name glacial acetic acid. It is corrosive and functions as a weak organic acid, exhibiting typical acidic properties, including the ability to undergo esterification reactions with alcohols.
Acetic acid Chemical Properties
Melting point | 16.2 °C(lit.) |
Boiling point | 117-118 °C(lit.) |
density | 1.049 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) |
vapor density | 2.07 (vs air) |
vapor pressure | 11.4 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
refractive index | n20/D 1.371(lit.) |
FEMA | 2006 | ACETIC ACID |
Fp | 104 °F |
storage temp. | Store below +30°C. |
solubility | alcohol: miscible(lit.) |
form | Solution |
pka | 4.74(at 25℃) |
Specific Gravity | 1.0492 (20℃) |
color | colorless |
Odor | Strong, pungent, vinegar-like odor detectable at 0.2 to 1.0 ppm |
PH | 3.91(1 mM solution);3.39(10 mM solution);2.88(100 mM solution); |
PH Range | 2.4 (1.0M solution) |
Odor Threshold | 0.006ppm |
Odor Type | acidic |
explosive limit | 4-19.9%(V) |
Water Solubility | miscible |
λmax | λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.05 |
Merck | 14,55 |
JECFA Number | 81 |
BRN | 506007 |
Henry's Law Constant | 133, 122, 6.88, and 1.27 at pH values of 2.13, 3.52, 5.68, and 7.14, respectively (25 °C, Hakuta et al., 1977) |
Dielectric constant | 4.1（2℃） |
Exposure limits | TLV-TWA 10 ppm ～25 mg/m3) (ACGIH, OSHA, and MSHA); TLV-STEL 15 ppm (37.5 mg/m3) (ACGIH). |
Stability: | Volatile |
LogP | -0.170 |
CAS DataBase Reference | 64-19-7(CAS DataBase Reference) |
NIST Chemistry Reference | Acetic acid(64-19-7) |
EPA Substance Registry System | Acetic acid (64-19-7) |
Safety Information
Hazard Codes | C,Xi |
Risk Statements | 34-42-35-10-36/38 |
Safety Statements | 26-36/37/39-45-23-24/25 |
RIDADR | UN 1792 8/PG 2 |
WGK Germany | 3 |
RTECS | NN1650000 |
F | 1-8-10 |
Autoignition Temperature | 426 °C |
TSCA | Yes |
HazardClass | 8 |
PackingGroup | II |
HS Code | 29152100 |
Hazardous Substances Data | 64-19-7(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Toxicity | LD50 in rats (g/kg): 3.53 orally (Smyth) |
IDLA | 50 ppm |
