Methanol CAS#67-56-1
Methanol is a versatile solvent, miscible with water and many organic solvents.
It has a low melting point (-97.8℃) and boiling point (64.5℃), making it highly volatile.
Methanol is non-corrosive to most metals at room temperature, except lead and aluminum.
It serves multiple industrial uses including as a solvent, antifreeze, fuel, and neutralizer.
Methanol, commonly referred to as "wood alcohol," is an organic compound and the simplest saturated monohydric alcohol. It appears as a colorless, transparent, flammable, and volatile toxic liquid. Consumption of 5 to 10 ml can cause blindness, while larger amounts may be fatal. Methanol is non-corrosive to most metals at room temperature, except for lead and aluminum, and has a faint alcohol odor. It has a relative density of 0.792 (20/4℃), a melting point of -97.8℃, a boiling point of 64.5℃, a flash point of 12.22℃, and an autoignition temperature of 463.89℃. Its vapor density is 1.11, vapor pressure is 13.33 kPa (100 mmHg at 21.2℃), and the explosive vapor-air mixture limits range from 6 to 36.5% by volume. Methanol is miscible with water, ethanol, ether, benzene, ketones, halogenated hydrocarbons, and many other organic solvents. It is commonly used as a solvent, antifreeze, fuel, or neutralizer.
Parameters
Melting point | -98 °C(lit.) |
Boiling point | 65.4 °C(lit.) |
density | 0.791 g/mL at 25 °C |
vapor density | 1.11 (vs air) |
vapor pressure | 410 mm Hg ( 50 °C) |
refractive index | n20/D 1.329(lit.) |
Fp | 52 °F |
storage temp. | 2-8°C |
solubility | benzene: miscible(lit.) |
pka | 15.2(at 25℃) |
form | Liquid Free From Particulates |
color | <10(APHA) |
Specific Gravity | 0.793 (20/20℃) |
Relative polarity | 0.762 |
Odor | Faint alcohol odor detectable at 4 to 6000 ppm (mean = 160 ppm) |
PH | 6.8 (20°C in H2O) |
Flame Color | Pale blue |
Odor Threshold | 33ppm |
explosive limit | 5.5-44%(V) |
Water Solubility | miscible |
λmax | λ: 210 nm Amax: 0.50 |
Merck | 14,5957 |
BRN | 1098229 |
Henry's Law Constant | 4.99 at 25 °C (headspace-GC, Gupta et al., 2000) |
Exposure limits | TLV-TWA (200 ppm) (ACGIH), 260mg/m3, 1040mg/m3 (800 ppm) 15minutes (NIOSH); STEL 310mg/m3 (250 ppm); IDLH 25,000 ppm (NIOSH). |
Dielectric constant | 33.6（20℃） |
LogP | -0.770 |
Surface tension | 22.22mN/m at 298.15K |
Surface tension | 22.7mN/m at 20°C |
CAS DataBase Reference | 67-56-1(CAS DataBase Reference) |
NIST Chemistry Reference | Methyl alcohol(67-56-1) |
EPA Substance Registry System | Methanol (67-56-1) |
Absorption | in accordance |
Safety Information |
Hazard Codes | Xn,T,F |
Risk Statements | 10-20/21/22-68/20/21/22-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-11-40-36-36/38-23/25 |
Safety Statements | 36/37-7-45-16-24/25-23-24-26 |
RIDADR | UN 1170 3/PG 2 |
OEB | A |
OEL | TWA: 200 ppm (260 mg/m3), STEL: 250 ppm (325 mg/m3) [skin] |
WGK Germany | 1 |
RTECS | PC1400000 |
F | 3-10 |
Autoignition Temperature | 385 °C |
TSCA | Yes |
HS Code | 2905 11 00 |
HazardClass | 3 |
PackingGroup | II |
Hazardous Substances Data | 67-56-1(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Toxicity | LD50 oral (rat) |
IDLA | 6,000 ppm |
Methanol is a versatile organic chemical raw material and a high-quality fuel. It is primarily used in fine chemicals and plastics industries to produce various organic compounds such as formaldehyde, acetic acid, methyl chloride, methylamine, and dimethyl sulfate. Additionally, methanol serves as a key raw material in the manufacture of pesticides and pharmaceuticals. After further processing, it can be used as a clean fuel or blended with gasoline for combustion.
Methanol readily undergoes esterification with sulfuric and carbonic acids. It reacts slowly with hydrochloric acid at 0°C but, at 160°C in the presence of sulfuric acid, metaphosphoric acid, or boron trioxide, methanol dehydrates to form methyl ether (CH3-O-CH3). Methanol vapor can also form ether through dehydration over alumina or thorium oxide catalysts at 200°C and 400°C, respectively. It functions as a solvent in which metal halides and organic acid salts show some solubility, while sulfates are barely soluble and carbonates are insoluble. Methanol is also a precursor for producing formaldehyde, formic acid, and various inorganic and organic acid esters.
